时逢联合国成立七十五周年，世界正面临一场前所未有的全球性经济社会危机。我们是否能变得更加强大，通力合作抵御疫情？又或者不平等现象日趋严重？日前，联合国工业发展组织总干事李勇接受人民日报专访。

问题一：值此联合国成立七十五周年之际，工发组织将做出怎样的承诺？

时逢联合国成立七十五周年，世界正面临一场前所未有的全球性经济和社会危机。步入2020年，国际社会已正式开启“行动十年”计划，加快应对挑战，落实《2030年可持续发展议程》。2020同时也是对话之年，联合国呼吁所有成员团结一致，共同探讨人类大家庭亟待解决的问题，以及如何构建更加美好的未来。

作为联合国促进包容与可持续工业发展的专门机构，工发组织长期以来致力于推动国际合作和多个利益相关方伙伴关系。在联合国成立七十五周年之际，工发组织将继续团结各方，全力支持秘书长的全球对话倡议。我希望工发组织全体合作伙伴能携手共创我们期待的未来。

问题二：推动加快包容与可持续工业发展（ISID）是工发组织的使命。请问包容与可持续工业发展对实现《2030年议程》有怎样的意义？

十七项可持续发展目标描绘了国际社会为实现《2030年可持续发展议程》做出的详尽承诺。《2030年可持续发展议程》将持续为全球、地区和各国所有发展努力提供指导，未来十年尤为如此。工发组织决心要促进实现各项可持续发展目标，同时促进和支持成员国实现包容与可持续工业发展。 

包容性工业发展意味着全社会均受益于工业化进程，这种工业化有助于减少绝对贫困和不平等，同时为男性和女性提供待遇优厚的工作。在政策方面，关键是要确保制造业活动的增长足够快，从而能够通过联动效应直接或间接地创造就业。

“可持续”意味着，我们必须使工业活动带来的繁荣与过度使用自然资源和负面环境影响脱钩。工发组织研究表明，制造业发展并非必然破坏环境。新技术和现代化生产流程可以有效减少密集型资源的投入。我们必须加大支持力度，推动向清洁能源、低碳发展以及可持续生产消费模式的过渡。

工发组织提出的包容与可持续工业发展理念认为，经济增长和环境压力之间有着密不可分的联系。因此，工发组织大力提倡发展“绿色工业”，并致力于推动各国积极有效地将环境可持续的工业发展理念融入本国政策，提高国家获得更清洁、更高效技术的能力。

问题三：新冠肺炎疫情为全球带来了前所未有的健康挑战和经济危机。对此工发组织将如何应对？

如前所述，新冠肺炎疫情是21世纪人类遇到的前所未有的全球性危机。在国际社会致力于加速实现可持续发展目标之际，这场疫情给我们带来了沉重的打击。

在这场全球抗疫斗争中，工发组织正在与联合国系统一道，帮助各成员国度过这场全球性危机。根据联合国的总体疫情应对框架，工发组织在疫情暴发高峰期发布了新冠肺炎疫情应对措施。相关措施涵盖三个方面，工业在其中都发挥着重要作用。除保障就业和收入之外，工业对货物生产和服务提供也至关重要。与此同时，我们的应对措施还着眼于发挥工业数字化的潜力，以建立具有前瞻性的生产部门并提高行业长期应变能力。最后，通过绿色工业和低碳经济转型，我们将有机会做好充分准备，建设更具韧性、包容性和可持续性的未来，从而实现疫情后更好的复苏，我们对这一愿景持乐观态度。

问题四：当前，一些政策制定者呼吁通过采取保守措施来应对疫情挑战。对此工发组织持何种立场？面对疫情，我们应该吸取哪些教训，抓住哪些机会?

新冠肺炎疫情确实打乱了全球化相关的全球价值链，将全球价值链的脆弱性暴露无疑，在旅行禁令、封闭边境以及其他限制措施下这一点尤为明显。

这场危机清楚地表明，我们有必要加强而不是减少国际协调与合作。共享信息、知识和最佳实践，采取联合措施，确保政策的一致性和维持多边应对机制对于应对全球危机具有至关重要的意义。

每当世界摆脱一次危机，最关键的都是要在下一场危机来袭之前做好充分准备。当前，发展中国家和新兴经济体正面临着严峻挑战，贫困和不平等现象加剧。在此背景下，我们需要加快步伐，为实现《2030年议程》提出的各项目标而努力。联合国以及工发组织等联合国专门机构在建立国际伙伴关系和机制以建设具有包容性、可持续性和韧性的未来方面发挥着关键作用。

问题五：第四次工业革命正在深刻改变全球工业，在新冠肺炎疫情期间尤其如此。您如何看待这一问题?

新冠肺炎疫情加速了技术的使用，而技术在这场疫情防控战中贡献卓著。工发组织认为，在世界范围内，先进技术及其在包容与可持续工业发展中的应用将发挥日益重要的作用，驱动形成后疫情时代的“新常态”。

与此同时，由于人工智能和其它技术被大规模用于推动复苏，我们还要意识到发达国家和发展中国家间技术鸿沟加剧的风险。工发组织致力于协助各国推广和运用与网络物理系统数字化和运用有关的新技术，以帮助各国向第四次工业革命平稳过渡。

为此，工发组织正通过一种多维方式适应这一新现状，概括起来就是：“做足准备及时控制，积极应对不断适应，稳步复苏顺利转型”。通过这种方法，工发组织正在为其成员国提供针对性解决方案，帮助他们实现复苏并建立具有包容性、可持续性和韧性的经济。

问题六：工发组织与中国的合作现状如何？中国在参与工发组织合作项目和促进国际工业合作方面发挥着怎样的作用？

工发组织与中国之间的合作关系历久弥新，可追溯至1979年中国对外开放之初。从那时起，为帮助中国推进相关改革进程，工发组织在包容与可持续工业发展领域在中国境内实施了数百个技术合作项目。

近期，工发组织与中国合作的重点，是推动绿色工业发展和保障食品安全，这是中国政府在建设生态文明、实现高质量发展背景下面临的两大重要议题。

当前，我们正在制定“2021-2025国别方案”，旨在支持中国实现“十四五”规划。中国在工发组织合作项目中发挥着至关重要的作用。过去，中国曾是发展合作受援国，而现在，中国已成为工发组织的主要合作伙伴之一，通过为其他发展中国家提供资金和专业技能推动国际工业合作，使这些发展中国家从中国的经验中受益。

我们希望，随着发展进程的持续推进，中国未来能够成为南南合作以及三方合作，包括工发组织国家伙伴关系项目，更加强有力的合作伙伴。工发组织也将继续支持中国提出的“一带一路”等倡议。

Q1: The United Nations is marking its 75th anniversary this year. What is UNIDO’s commitment?

The United Nations is marking its 75th anniversary at a time dudring an unprecedented global crisis that has a severe economic and social impact. We stepped into 2020, the beginning of the Decade of Action for the international community to accelerate solutions towards the achievement of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.   This is also a year of dialogue, where the UN is encouraging all of us to come together to discuss our priorities as a human family, and how we can build a better future for all.

As the specialized agency of the United Nations for inclusive and sustainable industrial development, UNIDO has a long history of being part of facilitating international cooperation and multi-stakeholder partnerships. UNIDO will continue to stand in solidarity and  fully support the global dialogue initiative of the Secretary-General as the United Nations turns 75.  I encourage all UNIDO partners to join in and help build the world that we want.

Q2: UNIDO’s mission is to promote and accelerate Inclusive and Sustainable Industrial Development (ISID). What is the significance of ISID in achieving the 2030 Agenda?

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) depicts the detailed commitment of the international community to achieve sustainable development as envisaged by the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.  The 2030 Agenda continues to guide all global, regional and national development endeavours, and it has become more imperative as we face the next 10 years. UNIDO is fully committed to contributing to the achievement of the SDGs, while delivering on its mandate to promote and support its Member States towards achieving inclusive and sustainable industrial development (ISID).

Inclusive industrial development implies that all parts of society benefit from industrial progress, where industrialization helps reduce absolute poverty and inequality and provides well-paid jobs for both women and men. The key issue in policy terms is to ensure that manufacturing activities grow sufficiently more rapidly to create jobs both directly and indirectly through linkage effects. 

The term “sustainable” addresses the need to decouple the prosperity generated from industrial activities from excessive natural resource use and negative environmental impacts.  UNIDO research shows that manufacturing development does not necessarily have to pose environmental concerns. New technologies and modernized production processes allow for a less resource-intensive utilisation of inputs.  We must increase support for the transition towards clean-energy, low-carbon development and sustainable production and consumption patterns.

UNIDO’s ISID mandate recognizes the irrefutable link between economic growth and environmental pressures, and therefore encourages the promotion of “green industries”.  UNIDO seeks to empower countries to proactively and effectively integrate environmentally sustainable industrial development concepts at the policy level, and build up national capacity to acquire cleaner and more efficient technologies.

Q3: The COVID-19 pandemic has brought unprecedented health challenges and economic crises to the world. What is UNIDO’s response to the COVID-19?

As previously mentioned, the COVID-19 pandemic has created a global crisis that is unprecedented in the 21st century. It has hit us at a time when the international community is committed to accelerating progress towards the SDGs.

In the global fight to overcome this virus together, UNIDO is working with the  United Nations system to help our Member States overcome this global crisis.  Aligned to the UN response framework, UNIDO released its COVID-19 response at the height of the pandemic and it draws on three corresponding packages on the context that industry plays an important role. Other than protecting jobs and incomes, industries were also critical for the production of goods and services.  Our response also considers the potential of the digitalization of industries to future-proof productive sectors and foster long-term resilience.  Finally we are optimistic that there is an opportunity to prepare better and to build a more resilient, inclusive and sustainable future through green industries and transition into low-carbon economy to “build back better”.  

Q4: Some policymakers are calling for protectionist measures in response to the impact of the pandemic. What is UNIDO’s position? What lessons and opportunities does the pandemic provide?

The COVID-19 crisis has indeed disrupted and fully exposed the vulnerabilities of global value chains linked to globalization, particularly when travel bans, closed borders and other restrictions were put in place.  

The crisis clearly showed that not less, but more international coordination and cooperation is necessary. Sharing of information, knowledge and best practices, joint measures, policy coherence and a multilateral response are essential to address global crises.

As the world emerges from one crisis, it will be critical to be prepared before the next one strikes. With developing countries and emerging economies facing serious challenges and with substantial increases in poverty and inequality, we need to step up efforts towards achieving the goals of the 2030 Agenda. The United Nations and its specialized agencies, such as UNIDO, play a critical role in building international partnerships and mechanisms for an inclusive, sustainable and resilient future.

Q5: The Fourth Industrial Revolution is profoundly changing global industry, especially during the COVID -19 pandemic. How do you view this issue?

The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the use of technologies and they have  significantly contributed to the fight against COVID-19.  UNIDO sees that the “new normal” in the post-pandemic world will increasingly be driven by advanced technologies and their applications for inclusive and sustainable industrial development.

At the same time, as AI and other technologies are adapted to support recovery, there is also a need to be conscious of the risk of widening the technological gap between developed and developing countries. UNIDO is dedicated to assist countries in the diffusion and adaptation of new technologies related to digitalization and adoption of cyber-physical systems with the aim of facilitating a smooth transition to the Fourth Industrial Revolution.

UNIDO is therefore adapting to this new reality through a multi-dimensional approach, encapsulated in our response to: “prepare and contain, respond and adapt, recover and transform”. Through this approach, UNIDO is providing tailored solutions to its Member States to help them recover and build inclusive, sustainable and resilient economies.

Q6: What is the current situation of cooperation between UNIDO and China? What role does China play in participating in UNIDO cooperation projects and promoting international industrial cooperation?

UNIDO and China have enjoyed a long history of cooperation, which started as early as 1979 after China decided to open up to the outside world. Since then, UNIDO has implemented hundreds of technical cooperation projects in China in the area of inclusive and sustainable industrial development to support the country’s related reform processes.

Most recently, UNIDO’s cooperation with China has focused on advancing green industrial development and food safety, two issues of major importance for the government in the context of creating an ecological civilization and achieving high-quality development.

At the moment, we are formulating our Country programme for 2021-2025 to support the objectives of the 14th Five Year Plan. China ’s role in UNIDO’s cooperation projects cannot be over-emphasized. Having been a recipient of development cooperation in the past, China is now one of UNIDO’s main partners in promoting international industrial cooperation through the provision of funds and expertise to other developing countries, which stand to benefit from China’s experiences.

We expect that as China’s development process continues to move ahead, the country will become an even stronger partner for South-South and Triangular Cooperation, including in UNIDO’s Programmes for Country Partnership. UNIDO will also continue to support China’s initiatives, including the Belt and Road.